A cobjpoeatiolt of



c. s. SNAVELY. WARNING SIGNAL FOR GRADE INIERSECTIONS OF RAILWAYS AND HIGHWAYS.

' APPLICATION FILED APR. 24, I915- RENEWED MAY 20. I9I9- 1,31 ,516.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

s SHEETS-SHEE T 1.

INVENTOR v C. S SNAVEIQYT' WARNING SIGNAL FOR GRADE INIEIISECIIQNS 0F RAILWAYS AND HIGHWAYS.

' APPLICATION FILED APR/24, I915. RENEWED MAY 20,1919. I

11,8 1 6,51 6. Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

, e 6 SHEETS-SHEET 2- I I "f: T "r I ,1 "'H I I I I I l I l I I I 1 I I I I I I l I L I I I I l I I I I I I I l I I I I l I 'I z I v I VII/I I 5 VIII/III; 7

WITNESSES 4 INVEN1 'OR M e w ee fjfi c. s. SNAVELY. A WARNING SIGNAL FOR GRADE INTERSECUONSOF HAILWAYYS AND HIGHWAYS. APPLICATIQN FILED APR.24', 1315- RENEWED MAY 20- l919. l;316,516. PatentedSept. 16, 1919.

6 SHEETS-QSHEET 3.-

C. S. SNAV'ELY. WARNING SIGNAL FOR GRADE INTERSECTIONS 0F RAILWAYS AND HIGHWAYS.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

6 SHEETSSHEET 4.

WITNESSES C. S. SNAVELY. v WARNING SIGNAL FOR GRADE INTERSECTIONS 0F RAILWAYS AND HIGHWAYS. APPLICATION FILED APR. 24. 915- RENEWED MAY 20' 1919- I v I ,3 1 6,, 5 l 6 Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5- WITNESSES INVENTOR I C. S. SNAVELY. WARNING SIGNAL FOR GRADE INTERSECTIONS 0F RAILWAYS AND HIGHWAYS.

RENEWED MAY 20.1919f APPLICATION FILED APR.24. 1915. 1,316,516.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

R O T N E V N mm 0 F 0? MW 'L L \Q R m5 A NQ UNI ED "STATES ATEN OF E cmnnnon's. 'sNAvEL'Y, or rrr'rsnuneri, rENNsYLvAnrA, ASSIGNOB .ro THE UNION f sw'rrcir' & SIGNAL coMPAnY, or SWISSVALE, rnnnsrrxAma, A conrom'rron or U-knNine-s Ion Al.r012. enann-rnrnnsnorrons' orYnAILwAYs Ann HIGHWAYS.

Specification team Patent. P te ted Sept. 16, 1919.

-Application filed April 2 3., .1915, Serial No. 23,576. Renewed May 20, 1919. Serial No. 298,548,

To all whom it may concern:

Be-it knownthat I, CLARENCE S. SlVAVELY,

a citizen of the United States. residing at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lVarnmg- Signals forGrade Intersections of Railways and Highways, ofwhicli the following is a shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

' rangement of circuits adapted to be used specification.

My invention relates to warning signals for grade intersections ofrailw-aysand highways, and particularly to signals of this type comprising a swinging arm. 3

' I will describe one form of signal embodying myinvention, and will then point out the novel features thereof in claims.

gradecrossing of a railway and ahighway.

Fig. 2 is a view showing an elevationof the mechanism of the signal shown in Fig. 1 with the door of the casing thereof removed. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the plane indicated by the line III-III of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. l is a view showing in perspective a. sleeve 18 Fig.5 is a view showing more in detail an electromagnet '24: shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 6 is a view looking downwardly at the top of the parts mounted on shelf ll of Figs. 2 and 3, certain of the parts on this shelf being removed for the: sake of clearnessl Fig. 7 is a view showing in perspective an" armature 46 shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a view showing on an enlarged scale the circuit controller one part in' another position. Fig. 9 is a sec tiona-l view on line IXIX of Fig. 8, looking 1n the dlrection-of the arrows. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatlc View showing one arwitli the circuit controller shown in Figs 8 and 9. Fig. 11 is a view showing more in detail a latching member 101 shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 12 is a sectional view on line XII+XII of Fig. 11, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 1 8 is a. perspective view showing a-latching member or arm 1% shown .in Fig. 2. Fig. letlis a. view showing in front elevation an armature-releasing deingone form and arrangement of circuits for controlling the. signal shown in Fig. 1.

vice shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 15 is a view show- Similar referencecharacters refer to si-milar parts in each of the several views.-

Referring first to Fig. 1, I have here shown a. railroad track A crossed by a highway B. Adjacent-the crossing-and visible from the highway at a distance from either.

side; of the crossing is a'warning signal C embodying my invention. A pole .1v sup-' casing 3 containing mechanism to be described hereinafter by which a pendulume.

can be .made to oscillate. The bob of this pendulum consists of a disk 5 colored preferably red, upon both sides of which'is paintedin conspicuous letters the word Stop, I

Bymeans of a latching mechanism to be described hereinafter, the pendulum can be locked in the inclined position shown in the drawing, so that the word Stop on both sides of the disk is covered by'two shields 6 attached to pole 1 so that disk 5 can enter it is illuminated when the pendulum is free to oscillate, but is extinguished when thependulum latched in the inclined position. By means of controlling mechanism to be described hereinafter, pendulum et is 1111- locked upon the approach of a train and begins to swing; at the same timered lamp 7 is illuminated. 'This gives'a very effective warning s1gnalthe swmgmg red disk being the e uivalent of. a fla 'mans dan ens fla and the swinging red dight being the equiva lent of a flagmans red lamp. According to the time of day, either the disk 'or the lamp is visible from a distance. Pendulum 4c swings until the -train has reached the highway, then the latching device again be words Stop arecov ered and the red light is extinguished. As pointed out hereinafter, in case of failure of any partof the mecha-' nism, the pendulum hangsvertically or v oscillates continuously, thus indicating that such failure has occurred. i

I shall now describe the mechanism in--.

a headlfi fixed to shaft 11 by pins 17. A,

sleeve 18 is looked to the shaft no r its n1id dle by means of a key 19. Sleeve 1 shown in Y perspective in 4:, consists of two annular shaped portions l9 and 19 integral with which is a central portion 21 which envelope the shaft only on its lower side, the

top half of this portion having been ro moved so as to form faces 22' and .Vith referenoeto Fig. 2 it is clear that pressure on face 22 or 23 of sleeve 18 tends to cause the pendulum to swing to the ri ht, or-to 2'3 the left, respectirel These pressures are produced by electromagnetic means, as 1 shall now describe. 1 Electromagnets 2st and 25 are suspended from shelf ll. on the left and right side, respectively of shaft 11. ts shown in Fig. 5 and Fig, 6, which is a plan View of part of shelf ll, electromague" 2i con'iprises two cores 51 and 31", which are widenedinto pole pieces 32" a n d 32 atone end, and turned down to form shoulders 33 near the other end. The cores are slipped through a plate 34: of non-magnetic nmterial provided with two upwardly projecting ribs 35. whereby the cores are prevented from turning when the pole pieces rest against the surface of plate 34. Bobbins carrying the magnet winding 36 are slipped over cores 31 and 31 and are held in place by means of a back strap 37 and nuts 38 screwed over the ends of the cores. The assembled electromagnet is then attached by means of rivets 411 to shelf 14L, so that plate 34: covers a corresponding hole in the shelf. Electromagnet 25- is of like construction and fastened to shelf let in a similar manner by a plate 34-. In Fig.v 7 I have. shown a perspective view of armature 4-6 of electromagnet 25, which is hinged to shaft 11 by means of holes 48 through the ends of arms 17 integral with the armature. Arms 47 are of such length that as shown in Fig. 2, armature 46 engages the pole faces of magnet 25, when it is swung in a clockwise direction about shaft 11.- Armature 515 is similar to armature 46 and hinged to shaft 11 in the same manner, so that, it engages the pole faces of magnet 2 when swung about the shaft in countercloclrwisedirection. The armatures are prevented from moving longitudinally on shaft 11 as shown in Fig. 3, by means of sleeves 51 enveloping both ends of shaft 11 between bearings 12 and 13, and arms 47 of arm'atures 4:5 and 46 respectii ely. Each armatureis provided with a lug 4L9 for the purpose of engaging faces 22 and 23 respectively of sleeve 18, which as best shown in Fig. 3, is of such length that it fits loosely between one arm &7 of armature 4:5 and another arm l? of armature d6. As pointed out l1ereinbefore, armatures L5 and i6 are free to turn.

about shaft 11, but sleeve 18 is keyed thereto. Consequently, when with reference to Fig. 2., armature s5 is movedcounter-clockwise about shaft 11 its lug l9 engages 22 of sleeve 18, so that shaft 11 is rotated and pendulum 4 is swung from'left to right. In similar manner the pendulum is swung in the reverse direction when armature 46- is rotated clockwise about shaft 11, so that its lug 49 engages face 28 of sleeve 18. Thus, if the pendulum is released from the position shown in Fig. 2 and armature 45 is attracted by electromagnet 24, pendulum 4i is actedupon not only by gravity, but also by the magnetic pull exerted on armature 4:5. It will be noted that the component ofgravity tending to move the pendulum decreases from a maximum at the beginning of the swing to zero at the middle position, whereas the magnetic pull increases from a small force at the beginning of the stroke to a maximum when the armature strikes the pole faces. At that point the pendulum is free to continue its swing, because shaft 11 is free. to turn counhar-eloclnvise with respect to armature The angle between pendulum 4; and armature s5 is made greater than 90, so that when the pendulum arrives at the middle point of its stroke, and the component of gravity has become zero, armature 45 is still several degrees away from'the pole pieces of. its electromagnet, and the pendulum is still acted upon by a force in the direction of the swing. The purpose of this is to start the pendulum from rest when in the vertical position as will appear hereinafter.

For controlling electromagnets 2i and 25 I provide a circuit controller D, (see Figs. 2 and 3) the terminal board 61 of which is of insulating material and is secured to standards 62 and 68 mounted on shelf 1%. This circuit controller D is shown on an onlarged scale in Figs. 8 and 9, to which I' will now refer. Shaft 11 is provided at its forward extremity with a collar 64. of insulating .materia'l, fixed to the shaft by any suitable means such as a pin A casting (36 of electroconductive material is fastened to collar 64; by means of screws 67, so that casting 66 is rigidly attached to shaft 11, but electrically insulated therefrom. A shaft 68, fixed to casting 66 by means of a pin (39 serves as a support for a second casting 71, which is rotatably mounted thereon and held in place by a cotter pin 70 in the end of shaft 68. Casting 66 is provided with two arms 72 and 73 carrying screws 7 3., Casting 71 is provided with axsector 84:,

75 which" extendlfrom casting 66 ,in such direction that they engage a lug 7 iprojecting from casting 71, so' that the amount of rotation; of the castings with respect to each other is limited to an angle which can be adjusted by screws 75. Fora purpose which will ,appe-ar hereinafter, casting 71 is furthern'iore providedwith an arm 76 in the end of which is journaled a roller 7 7 An other roller 78 supportedby a spring 79 fixed to terminal board 61 by meansof a bolt 91, is adapted to engage roller 77 when,

casting 71 is rotated. Springs 81 and 82 are mounted'on casting 66, so as to bear on projections; 80 of casting 71 thus-tending to hold lug NC-midway. between arms 72 and adaptedto be engaged by either of two contact fingers 85 or 86 inountedon' board 61 by terminal posts 85, andStfv respectively, and casting 66 is provided with a sector 83 when casting 71 is rotated,jproduces a torque which is greater than the torqne exerted by spring 81 or 82-tending to hold arm- 74 midway between arms 72 and, 73 of casting66. In other words, when the-pendulum is swung from right to left, casting 71 is turned by screw 7 5 in arm 7 3, whereas, when the pendulum is swung from left to right, casting 71 is rotated by means of screw 75 in arm .72. I

With reference to Fig. 10, the circuit for energizing magnet 25 is as follows from a battery 99, through wire'101, contact linger 87, sector 33 of casting 71,. shaft 68., casting 66, sector 84, finger 86, magnet 25 to battery 99. If sector 84 is turned so that it makes pleted through magnet 24.

contact with finger 85,- the circuitis com- As I shall dehereinafter, it to swing due to the action'of gravity. sector 83 is engaged by finger 8,7, the circuit .for magnet 2i is completed, othat the mag netic force exerted on a'rmature 45 assists gravity in moving the pendulum; this force increases as armature 45 approaches the.

polesof magnet 24. During the .first part of the stroke casting 71 does: not turn, be-- 2 cause of the -friction between contact finger 85 and sector 84.. When, however, screw 75 in arm 72 strikes 'arm- 74,- fcasting 71 is Y turned by positive force to-the right, so that the position of'the sectors is as shown .in

Fig. 8 when the pendulum reaches the mid:- dle of its stroke. As it passes through this position, due to the action of inertia and .Inagnetic attraction, roller 77 strikes roller 78 and bends spring '7 9 outwardly until the centers of rollers 78 and .77 and shaft 68 are in astraight line. Then, due tothe actionof' springs 79 and 82,casting 71 is suddenly pushed-to turn counter-clockwisewith respect-to casting-66, so that'secjtor 84' quickly 1 breaks contact with finger'85 andimmediately thereafter engages contact finger 86 scribe below when sector 84 breaks contact with one contact finger it immediately makes contact with the other contact finger.-

Accordingly, as long as sector 83 and finger 87 are in engagement, one of the magnets 24, or 25 is energized, according assector 8% s 111 engagement wlth contact finger .To describe the operation of the mechanism described hereinbefore, suppose that the pendulum is in the extreme left position shown in Fig. 2. Then sector 8% is engaged by contact finger 85, but sector 83 is not in engagement with finger 87, directly behind finger" 86, so that both magnets are deenergized. When the pendulum is released by operation of mechanisnrto be descrlbed at its other end, so that magnet 2% is deenergized and magnet is energized instead. At tlns'tnne armature 45 isrestingv on the pole faces of electromagnet 24, but

armature 46 has been turned through a conmagnet 25, so that the attraction of armasiderable angle away from the poles of ture 46' is comparatively .feeble. The inertia 1 ofthe pendulum is of considerable magni-. tude, however, so that-itovercomes the coml)ll16d counter actionof the magnetic attraction and gravity, and the pendulum continues in its stroke. Vhen sector 83 leaves contact'finger 87, the circuitof magnet 25 isbroken, and the pendulum, -continues in swing 'until all its kinetic energy has been expended. The return stroke is simi- 1 lar and need not be'described here. i F

Suppose now that the penduhun'instead of being released from the position in Fig. 2, hangs 1n the middle of its stroke, the parts of the circuit controller being in the post q tions shown in Fig. 8

spective sectors 84 and 83, magnet 2i is energized, and armature 45, being only a few" degrees removed from the poles of magnet 24, is-attracted with a force. suflicient to move the pendulum slowly to the right against gravity and friction 'until, as explained" hereinbefore, sector 84 suddenlybrea'ks contact with finger 85 and engages contact finger 86, see F ig. 8. -The resultant energization of magnet 25 causes the pendulum to reverse, for the kinetic energy of the pendulum is but small. Magnet 25 remains energized until roller 77 snaps past roller 7 8, then sector 84 breaks contact with finger-86 and makes contact with finger 85 Contact fingers 85 and 87 being'in engagement with their re the pendulum does not rover imn because it has acquired udditioi'iel energy due to tl. e initial potential on the beginning the strolie. lin this in.- nner the stroke of the pendulum increases until. the energy imparted to the pendulum by the clectroniegnet equals of energy due to the resisting forces.

The latching apparatus mentioned hereinbefore by which the pendulum may be held in the position shown in F ig. 2 comprises a member 101 attached to the arm of pendulum With reference to Figs. 11 and 12, member 101 comprises two plates 102- and 103 held parallel to each other by means of rivets 1041. and adopted to slide in grooves liriil 105 in a block 106. lhe arm of pendulum- 4: is passed through at hole .109 in block 100,

i where it may be clamped by means of screws 111. Issues 102 and 103 are connected at one end by means oi: a strap 112-, which forms a stop for a spring 114- fastened thereto by a'bolt 113.

The other end of spring 11-1- abuts block 100, so that the block is pressed against rivet 10-1. Member 101 is thus resiliently connected to pendulum 1,

"for a z'iurpose which will appear hereinafter. Shafts 115 and 116 are pussed through holes in plates 102 and 103 and are secured therein by means oi. cotter pins 11!.

These shs-jtts support pziwls 11S rind 119 re spectively, so that they are free to rotate through an angle limited by the engagement of the pawl arms with the shanks of rirets 101. The pawls are biased by grurity to the position shown in Fig. 12, so that they are adapted to be engaged by mechanism which 1 shall now describe.

' lVith reference to Figs. 2- and 6, an electromagnet 121 similar to nisgnets 2-1 and 25 is mounted in at similar manner on shelf 1-1. The armature 122 of magnet 121 is secured by screws to a casting 123, which piv oted on a. shaft 126 fixed in standards 127 integral with shelf 1 1. Extensions 132 and 133 depending from shelf 11, see also 3, support a. pin 131-, which is surrounded by a sleeve 135. An arm 136, which as shown in perspective in F ig. 13 comprises a block 137 to which are riveted parallel blades 13S and 139, is locked to the front end of sleeve 135 by a key 1 11 shown in Fig. 3. A roller 1-12 is-mounted on a pin 1 13 in the end 01 arm 136, so that, when sleeve 135 is turned, this roller is brought iutoor out of the path described by pewls 118 and 119 when the pen dulum is oscillating. Au upwardly extending arm 14%, see Figs. 2, 3 and 0, is keyed to the rear end of sleeve 135 and is connected by a link 1 15 to an arm 1 1-6 integral with casting 123. Another arm 12S integral with casting-J23 carries a counterweight 129 of sufiicient mass to hold armature 122 away so vol J of 121, 8., the voltage at which the magnet is unable to retain the armature against step, I provide lever 14:7, consisting f two blades, fulcrumed in -Vith reference tion of counterweight 12%, and lever 1 17,

which then is in the position shown in Fig; 11. But the movement of lever 1 17 is linilted because after tip 152 has moved upward only it smell dist-once, weight 14:9 restsagamst' shelf 14, so that armature 12 isefl'ected by weight 1 19 only during that portion of lts stroke when it is nearest the pole races. in

not affect its pickup voltage.

To describe the operation of this appuratus, suppose that magnet 121 is (leenergized so that its armature is away from the pole faces, due to the action of lever 14;? and counterweight 129. Then. arm 1 14-, sleeve 135 and arm 156 will have turned clockwise from the positions shown in Fig. so that rollerv 1 12 will be out oi the path described by pawls 118 and 119 when pendulum +1- oscillates. l1 magnet 121 is then energized armature 122 will be attracted against the no ion o. counterweight 12b and lover 117, that the loclzing mechanism will be returned to the position shown in Fig. lit pendulum is then swung to the left, pewls 118 and 119 successively hit roller 1-1-2 and, being free to turn to the right, donot obstruct the path 01' the pendulum. But on the return stroke of the pendulum roller 11-2 is'aguin engaged by pcwl 119, which is, however, prevented from turning to the left by pin 10-1, so that pendulum 1 is arrested in the position shown in Fig. 2. The momentum oi the pendulum is gradually absorbed by spring 11 1-, which is compressed so that the kinetic energy of the pendulum is slowly decreased and the severity of the shock miti-- gated. If the amplitude of the swing of the pendulum is smaller, sothzit pawl 119 does not pass roller 142 as the pendulum swings to the left, then the pendulum is urrested by pawl 118. Similarly, it pawl 119 should stick in a disengaging position, the

pendulum would be arrestedby pawl 118;

When the pendulum is latched up by pawl 119, contact segment 83 (Fig. 10) has left spring 87 so that both magnets 24: and 25 are deenergized, thusavoiding any unnecessary consumption of energy by the signal when the parts are at rest in the clear posi tion. This is the chief function of the con-- tact 83-87 although it performs the addithis manner lever 11? increases the release voltage or magnet 121, but does aramie tional function of deenergizing magnets 241i and when the pendulum is near each end of the stroke andthe armatures are at the greatest distance from the magnet poles {the pull on the armatures would be very small at such times and the energy consumption of the signal is materially reduced by dcenergizing the magnets at those times.

it may be noted here that the line of ac tion of the pressure pawl 119 on roller 112 passes but slightly to the right of the center of shaft 13 1, so that this pressure has but a small component tending to rotate arm 1% clockwise. .t igain, linlr 145 and. casting 123 form a toggle, so that the force actually transmitted to armature 122, tending to, raise it due to the pressure exerted on roller 14-2 is comparatively small.

l llectroma gnet 121 is controlled as shown in Fig. 15. Reference character 151 desig" n'ates the track rails. ot a railroad track A on which traffic moves in the d1rect1on oi? the arrow B is a highway crossing the tracks and F designates a section of track insulated from the rails on either end there of by insulated oints 152. -Sectron F -1s provided with a track circuit which ashore shown comprises a battery 153 connected to the track rail at one end oi the section and electromagnet-121 connected to the track railsat the other end of the track section. by wires 15% and 155. Whth no train in section 1 electromagnet 121 is energized by current from battery 153 and, as described hereinbei'ore, holdspendulum 4 in the em treme left hand position. But when a-train enters section F, magnet 121 is short-circuited so that it releases its armature 122. This causes pendulum at to be unlatched and to oscillate due to its drivingmechanism, un til the train leaves sectiontl for then relay 121 is again energized, attracts itsarma" ture and causes pendulum 4: again to remain in the deft inclined position.

If battery 153 in the track circuit fails, or, due to any other abnormal condition, magnet 121 is denergized, or the latching mechanism per se is inoperative, pendulum- 4: oscillates continuously,regardless of the presence or absence of trains on section F.

Similarly failure of battery 99 (see Fig.

10), or derangement of the .mechanism whereby-the pendulum is oscillated, causes the pendulum, after ithas been released by the latching apparatus, to come to rest in the middle position. In either case of'failure the signal gives a warning indication to trafiic on the highway; At the same time thesignal maintainer can easily detect these failures because of the evident abnormal results produced, so that even with superficial inspection, the signal is not liable to remain 1 no erative for a prolonged perlod of time."

or the control of lamp 7 attached to the bob'ot pendulum 4 I have provided, see Fig.

2, a contact linger 17 6 fixed to and insulated from casting 123 and adapted to engage a contact block 200 whenarmature 122 is released. 'lhisisshown diagrammatically in Fig'lb from which it is apparent that closure'ofcontact 176200 completes the ci'r- 'cuit-through l'amp 7 and a battery 17 5, so

that the; lamp burns as long asmagnet 121 is denergized, in other words, aslong as a trainoccupies section 13.

Althoughll have herein shown and described only one form of apparatus embodying my invention, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein within the scope of the appended claims without departing i'ronr the spirit and scope of-my invention.

Having-thus described my invention, what "1 claim is l 1. In combination, a pendulum, two electrom'agnets for actuatmg said pendulum, one

for each direction of swing ofthe pendulum, a circuit controller for controlling saidelectromagnets, said circuit controller comprising two'sectors controlled by the pendulum and three contact fingers, two of which are adapted to engage one sector and one of which is adapted to engagethe other sector.

2. 111 combination, a pendulum, an electromagnet for "actuating-said pendulum to swing in one d1rect1on, anotherelectromagnet for actuating said pendulum to swing in the other direction, a circuit controller comprising contacts-controlled by the pendulum for selecting one or the other of said electromagnets for energization, andan additional' contact for controlling the period during which one or the other of said electromagnets is energized.- j p 8. In combination, apendulum', an'electrom'agnet for actuating said pendulum to.

swing in one 'direction, another electromagnet for actuating said pendulum to swing in the other direction, a circuit co'ntrollei comprising a contact, controlled by the pendulum.

net for actuating said pendulum to swing in the pth'er direction, acircuit controller comprising a contactcontrolled by the pendulum for-controlling the. portion'of thependulum.

stroke during which either one of the electromagnets may be energized, additional. contacts controlled by the penduli'm. for selecting one or the other of said electromagnets for energization, and means whereby the time of. open encuit caused by openmg the very small.

5. In combination, a shaft, a pendulum keyed, thereto, two electromagne'ts for oscillating said shaft and pendulum, one for each direction of motion, a circuit controller comprising a sector rigidly mounted on said shaft and a contact finger for controlling the energization of either of said electromagnets, and another sector loosely mounted on said shaft and two contact fingers for selecting one or the other of said electromagnets for energization, stops forlimiting the angle through which said second sector may be rotated with respect to said shaft, and means whereby said second sector is held' in contact with one or the other of its contact fingers when the pendulum is in the middle of its stroke.

6. In combination, a pendulum, an electromagnet for actuating said pendulum ,to swing in onedirection, another electromagnet for actuating said pendulum to swing in the other direction, a circuit controller comprising contacts controlled by the pendulum for energizing one or the other of said electromagnets, and an additional contact,

for controlling the period during which one or the other of said electromagnets is energized, and means whereby the contacts controlling one magnet or the other are closed when the pendulum is in the middle of its stroke, accordin as the pendulum approached said middle point from one side or the other.

7 .In combination, a pendulum, means for causing oscillation of said pendulum, and means for retaining said pendulum in an inclined position, sa d retalning means being resilient to gradually absorb the'momentum of the pendulum when brought to rest.

8. In combination, a pendulum, means for causing oscillation of salcl pendulum, and means for retaining said pendulum in an inclined position, said retaining means comprising a latching member attached to the pendulum and another member movable into and out of the path of the latching member,

one of said members being resilient to grade nally absorb the momentum of the pendulum "when brought to rest.

9. In combination, a pendulum, a member reslllently mounted thereon, a pawl on sand member biased to an engaging position,

a movable member, and an electromagnet for moving said member into the path de scribed by said pawl when the pendulum oscillates.

10. In combination, a pendulum, engaging means resiliently mounted on said pendulum, a member adapted to be engaged by said means and biased to a nonengaging position, and an electromagnet for moving said member to an engaging position,

emme suspended therefrom, a member resiliently mounted on said pendulum, a pawl on said member, a stop for said pawl, means mounted on said base adapted to be engaged by said pawl, said means being biased to a non-engaging position, and an electromagnet mounted on said base for moving said means to an engaging position, so that said pawl can pass said means only in one di rection.

12. A signal comprising a pendulum, a-

shaft to which saidpendulum is fixed, a sleeve fixed on said shaft and having two engaging surfaces disposed on opposite sides of the shaft, two armatures pivotally mounted on said shaft, two electromagnets one for attracting each of said armatures,

and a lip on each armature adapted to coact with oneof the surfaces on the sleeve whereby the pendulum is swung in one direction or the other according to which magnet is energized. v

13. A signal comprising a pendulum, two electromagnets one for giving said pendulum an impulse in each direction, means including circuit controlling contacts operatively connected with the pendulum for selectively energizing said electromagnets, means for retaining said pendulum in substantially one extreme position of its movement, and means operatively connected with the pendulum and acting before the pendulum reaches the said extreme position to deenergize the elect'romagnet which was last energized.

14. A signal comprising a pendulum, two electromagnets one for giving said pendulum an impulse in'each direction, means including circuit controlling contacts operatively. connected with the pendulum for selectively energizing said elcctromagnets, and means operatively connected with said pendulum for deenergizing both of said electromagnets when the pendulum swings a predetermined distance beyond its middle position. p Y

15. A signal comprising a pendulum, electromagnetic means for causing said pendulumtO-SW111gl to and fro contlnuously,

and an electromagnet for moving said memher into the path of said pawl.

17. A. signal comprisin a pendulum, a

frame resiliently mounted thereon, a pawl pivoted in'said frame, a member movable into and out of the path of said roawl the movement of the pawl onvits pivot being such that when the said member is in the path of the pawl the pawl can pass the member when the pendulum is swinging upan inclined position;

wardly but not when the pendulum is swinging downwardly, and the resilientconnection between'the pendulum and the frame being such as to absorb the shock when the pendulum is caught by the pawl.

18'. A signal comprising a pendulum, and,

means 'for latching said pendulum in an inclined position, said means including a.

resilient member to absorb the momentum of the pendulum whei the latter is caught by said means.

19. A signal comprising a pendulum,

electromagnetic means for causing said pen dulum to swing to and fro continuously while said means is energized, and a latch-- ing device for holding said pendulum in said device comprising a; latch on the pendulum, a member movable into and out of the path" of said latch and biased to a position out of said path, and'an electromagnet for moving said member into and holding it in the path of said latch when the electromagnet is energlZBClJ Y I j 20. A signal comprising a pendulum mounted to oscillate, two 'electroinagnets, an armature for each electromagnet, means for operatively connecting each armature with the pendulum to drive the pendulum from an inclined positi'oii'on one side or the other of the vertical to substantially thever- -tical position While the corresponding armature is moving toward the pole piece of its elcctroinagnet, said meansproviding for lost motion between the pendulum and each armature so that the pendulum may continue its swing after the armature which has acted upon the pendulum reaches its pole-piece, and means controlled by the peridulum for selectively energizing said electromagnets.

21. A signal comprising a pendulum lllOlllltOd tO oscillate, two electromagnets, an

armature i-ior each electromagnet, means for operatively connecting-each armature with the pendulum todrive'the pendulum from an inclined position on one side or the other of the vertical to substantially the vertical position while the corresponding armatureis moving toward the pole-piece ot its electromagnet, said means providing for lostmotion between the pendulum and each armature so that the pendulunrmay continue its swing after-the arinature which has acted on the pendulum reaches its polepiece, and means controlled by the penduhim for energizing said electromagne'ts and operating when the pendulum passes throughsubstantially its vertical position to deenergize the electromagnet which has been acting on the pendulum and-to energize the other electromagnet.

22. A signal comprising a pendulum mounted to oscillate, two electromagnets, an

armature for each electi'omagnet, means for operatively connecting each armature with the pendulum to drive the pendulum from an inclined position on one side orthe other of the vertical to substantially the vertical position while the corresponding armature is moving toward the polepiece of its elec: tromagnet, said ie-ans providing for lost motion between the pendulum and each armature so that the pendulum may continue its swing after the armature which has acted on the pendulum reaches its polepiece, means controlled by the pendulum for energizing said electromagnets and operat-- mg when the pendulum passes through substantially its vertical position to de'cinergize' the electroma-g'net which hasbeen acting on the pendulum and to energize the other electromagiietgmeans for latching said pendulumin an inclined position, and means controlledby the pendulum and acting before,

the pendulum reaches the position in which it is latched for denergizing the electromagnet which was last energized.

28. A- signal comprisinga 'pendulunr mounted tooscillate, two electromagnets, an armature for each electromagnet, means for operatively connecting each' armature with the pendulum to drive the pendulum from an inclined position on one side or the other of the vertical to substantially the vertical position while the correspondingarmature is moving toward the pole-piece of its electromagnet, said means providing forlost motion between the pendulum and each armature so that the pendulum may congize the other electroinagnet, and other means controlled by the pendulum for deenergizing both of said electromagnets when the pendulum swings a predetermined distance beyond its vertical position.

In testimony whereof I afiixmy signature in presence oftwo witnesses.

v CLARENCE s.v siviivELYQ Witnesses:

A. L. VENCILL, r A. O. NOLTE.

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